abstract：:Parkinson's disease was first described in 1817 by James Parkinson. It is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, affecting the nigrostriatal pathways involved in the control of movement. Since the introduction of L-DOPA as a therapy in the mid-1960s, clinical management of the symptoms has progressed, but...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Toulouse A,Sullivan AM

更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been an abundance of literature devoted to the involvement of noradrenaline in basic rapid eye movement (REM) sleep processes since the subject was first investigated in 1964. Nowadays, the great majority of studies highlight the need for silence in the locus coeruleus noradrenergic neurons as a condition fo...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Gottesmann C

更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO), a diffusible molecule acting as an intercellular and intracellular messenger in many tissues, plays multiple roles in the nervous system. In addition to regulating proliferation, survival and differentiation of neurons, NO is also involved in synaptic activity, neural plasticity and memory formation...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Contestabile A

更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:While selective neuronal death has been an influential theme in Huntington's disease (HD), there is now a preponderance of evidence that significant neuronal dysfunction precedes frank neuronal death. The best evidence for neuronal dysfunction is the observation that gene expression is altered in HD brain, suggesting ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Cha JH

更新日期：2007-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:New findings obtained during the past years, especially the discovery of mutations in the genes associated with brain iron metabolism, have provided key insights into the homeostatic mechanisms of brain iron metabolism and the pathological mechanisms responsible for neurodegenerative diseases. The accumulated evidence...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Ke Y,Qian ZM

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here, we discuss the identity, heterogeneity and functions of radial glial cells mostly in the developing central nervous system (CNS). First, we define radial glial cells by morphological, cell biological and molecular criteria as true glial cells, akin to astroglia. We then describe the appearance of radial glial ce...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Pinto L,Götz M

更新日期：2007-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews neuroimaging studies of conscious and voluntary regulation of various emotional states (sexual arousal, sadness, negative emotion). The results of these studies show that metacognition and cognitive recontextualization selectively alters the way the brain processes and reacts to emotional stimuli....

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Beauregard M

更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Memorizing new facts and events means that entering information produces specific physical changes within the brain. According to the commonly accepted view, traces of memory are stored through the structural modifications of synaptic connections, which result in changes of synaptic efficiency and, therefore, in forma...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Arshavsky YI

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proteolytical processing of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gives rise to beta-amyloid peptides, which accumulate in brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Different soluble or insoluble higher molecular weight forms of beta-amyloid peptides have been postulated to trigger a complex pathological cascade ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Rossner S,Sastre M,Bourne K,Lichtenthaler SF

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Until recently, memory consolidation and storage had been traditionally viewed as a permissive process derived from learning-activated molecular signaling cascades which include activations of the NMDA receptors, CaMKII, PKC, PKA and other kinases, new protein synthesis and CREB-mediated gene expression, and subsequen...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Wang H,Hu Y,Tsien JZ

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Metazoans possess complicated multicellular structure among the multicellularities of eukaryotes. One evolutionary pressure that permits such complexity relates to the directed and precise informational transmission performed by numerous synapses in neuron system. Neurotransmitter inactivations play essential roles in...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Wu Q,Gu X,Wang Y,Li N,Liu X,Wu C,Yu L,Gu X

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This chapter deals with the central role that Sir John Eccles played in the elucidation of the mechanisms of synaptic transmission within the central nervous system during the three decades between the late 1930s and 1966. His seminal discoveries involved studies of synaptic input to spinal motoneurons using intracell...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Burke RE

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Problems associated with the topic of the mind-brain interaction are reviewed and analyzed. If there is an interaction, then the "mind" and "brain" are independent variables; the mind represents subjective experience and is therefore a non-physical phenomenon. This fact led to the need for a field theory, termed here ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Libet B

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The brain circuitry of saccadic eye movements, from brainstem to cortex, has been extensively studied during the last 30 years. The wealth of data gathered allowed the conception of numerous computational models. These models proposed descriptions of the putative mechanisms generating this data, and, in turn, made pre...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Girard B,Berthoz A

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Animal models have provided invaluable data for identifying the pathogenesis of epileptic disorders. Clearly, the relevance of these experimental findings would be strengthened by the demonstration that similar fundamental mechanisms are at work in the human epileptic brain. Epilepsy surgery has indeed opened the poss...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Avoli M,Louvel J,Pumain R,Köhling R

更新日期：2005-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Multivariate time series analysis is extensively used in neurophysiology with the aim of studying the relationship between simultaneously recorded signals. Recently, advances on information theory and nonlinear dynamical systems theory have allowed the study of various types of synchronization from time series. In thi...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Pereda E,Quiroga RQ,Bhattacharya J

更新日期：2005-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Once it was believed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was no more than a relay station serving as a "gate" for ascending basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. Nowadays, the STN is considered to be one of the main regulators of motor function related to the basal ganglia. The role of the STN in the regulation of as...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Temel Y,Blokland A,Steinbusch HW,Visser-Vandewalle V

更新日期：2005-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The blood-brain barrier (BBB) serves as a protective mechanism for the brain by preventing entry of potentially harmful substances from free access to the central nervous system (CNS). Tight junctions present between the brain microvessel endothelial cells form a diffusion barrier, which selectively excludes most bloo...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Löscher W,Potschka H

更新日期：2005-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work in neuroscience has shown that the adult central nervous system contains neural progenitors, precursors, and stem cells that are capable of generating new neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes. While challenging previous dogma that no new neurons are born in the adult mammalian CNS, these findings brin...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Emsley JG,Mitchell BD,Kempermann G,Macklis JD

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:GABA and the GABAA and GABAB receptors play a pivotal role in the coordination of the central vestibular pathways. The commissural inhibition, which exists between the two vestibular nucleus complexes (VNCs) and which is responsible for enhancing the dynamic sensitivity of VNC neurons to head acceleration, is known to...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Gliddon CM,Darlington CL,Smith PF

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review is focused on the structure and function of Alzheimer's amyloid deposits. Amyloid formation is a process in which normal well-folded cellular proteins undergo a self-assembly process that leads to the formation of large and ordered protein structures. Amyloid deposition, oligomerization, and higher order p...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Morgan C,Colombres M,Nuñez MT,Inestrosa NC

更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive intrusive thoughts and compulsive time-consuming behaviors classified into three to five distinct symptom dimensions including: (1) aggressive/somatic obsessions with checking compulsions; (2) contamination concerns with washing compulsions; (3) symmet...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Aouizerate B,Guehl D,Cuny E,Rougier A,Bioulac B,Tignol J,Burbaud P

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Intrinsic primary afferent neurons (IPANs) of the enteric nervous system are quite different from all other peripheral neurons. The IPANs are transducers of physiological stimuli, including movement of the villi or distortion of the mucosa, contraction of intestinal muscle and changes in the chemistry of the contents ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Furness JB,Jones C,Nurgali K,Clerc N

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The spectrum of inflammatory diseases is nowadays considered to include diverse diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Current evidence suggests that syndromes such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have important inflammatory and immune components and may be amenable to treatment by anti-inflammatory and immunothera...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Shen Y,Meri S

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Steroid hormones act via evolutionarily conserved nuclear receptors to regulate neuronal phenotype during development, maturity and disease. Steroid hormones exert 'global' effects in organisms to produce coordinated physiological responses whereas, at the 'local' level, individual neurons can respond to a steroidal s...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Weeks JC

更新日期：2003-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The advent of proteomics techniques has been enthusiastically accepted in most areas of biology and medicine. In neuroscience, a host of applications was proposed ranging from neurotoxicology, neurometabolism, determination of the proteome of the individual brain areas in health and disease, to name a few. Only recent...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Lubec G,Krapfenbauer K,Fountoulakis M

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sound communication is not unique to humans but rather is a trait shared with most non-mammalian vertebrates. A practical way to address questions of vocal signal encoding has been to identify mechanisms in non-mammalian model systems that use acoustic communication signals in their social behavior. Teleost fishes, th...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Bass AH,McKibben JR

更新日期：2003-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-supervised models of how the brain represents and categorises the causes of its sensory input can be divided into two classes: those that minimise the mutual information (i.e. redundancy) among evoked responses and those that minimise the prediction error. Although these models have similar goals, the way they ar...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Friston K

更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Noradrenaline release in areas within the forebrain occurs following activation of noradrenergic cells in the locus coeruleus (LoC). Release of noradrenaline by attentional/arousal/vigilance factors appears to be essential for learning and is responsible for the consolidation of memory. Noradrenaline can activate any ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Gibbs ME,Summers RJ

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stimulation of membrane receptors linked to a phospholipase C and the subsequent production of the second messengers diacylglycerol and inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP(3)) is a signaling pathway of fundamental importance in eukaryotic cells. Signaling downstream of these initial steps involves mobilization of Ca(2+...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Zitt C,Halaszovich CR,Lückhoff A

更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The term neuropeptides commonly refers to a relatively large number of biologically active molecules that have been localized to discrete cell populations of central and peripheral neurons. I review here the most important histological and functional findings on neuropeptide distribution in the central nervous system ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Merighi A

更新日期：2002-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retrospective studies in humans suggest that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy, associated with raised plasma levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol may increase the likelihood of preterm birth, developmental delays and behavioural abnormalities in the children. In adulthood, it may contribute to the significant asso...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Weinstock M

更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tissue-specific alternative splicing profoundly effects animal physiology, development and disease, and this is nowhere more evident than in the nervous system. Alternative splicing is a versatile form of genetic control whereby a common pre-mRNA is processed into multiple mRNA isoforms differing in their precise comb...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Grabowski PJ,Black DL

更新日期：2001-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We review the neuroanatomical, neurophysiological and functional properties of the mammalian subiculum in this paper. The subiculum is a pivotal structure positioned between the hippocampus proper and entorhinal and other cortices, as well as a range of subcortical structures. It is an under-investigated region that p...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： O'Mara SM,Commins S,Anderson M,Gigg J

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microglia, macrophages that reside in the brain, can express at least 12 different ion channels, including voltage-gated proton channels. The properties of H+ currents in microglia are similar to those in other phagocytes. Proton currents are elicited by depolarizing the membrane potential, but activation also depends...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Eder C,DeCoursey TE

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is suggested that the anatomical structures which mediate consciousness evolved as decisive embellishments to a (non-conscious) design strategy present even in the simplest unicellular organisms. Consciousness is thus not the pinnacle of a hierarchy whose base is the primitive reflex, because reflexes require a ner...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Cotterill RM

更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Not later than two synapses after their arrival in the cerebellar cortex all excitatory afferent signals are subsequently transformed into inhibitory ones. Guaranteed by the exceedingly ordered and stereotyped synaptic arrangement of its cellular elements, the cerebellar cortex transmits this inhibitory result of cere...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Grüsser-Cornehls U,Bäurle J

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This review summarizes recent work on the use of reporter genes to label selected neuronal populations in transgenic mice, with particular emphasis on gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) neurons. Reporter genes discussed are the lacZ, green fluorescent protein (GFP), luc, and bla genes, which encode the reporter pro...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Spergel DJ,Krüth U,Shimshek DR,Sprengel R,Seeburg PH

更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Midline Glia of Drosophila are required for nervous system morphogenesis and midline axon guidance during embryogenesis. In origin, gene expression and function, this lineage is analogous to the floorplate of the vertebrate neural tube. The expression or function of over 50 genes, summarised here, has been linked ...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Jacobs JR

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The cause of sleep is a complex question, which needs first, a clear distinction amongst the different meanings of a causal relationship in the study of a given behavior, second, the requisites to be met by a suggested cause, and third, a precise definition of sleep to distinguish behavioral from polygraphic sleep. Th...

journal_title：Progress in neurobiology

authors： Nicolau MC,Akaârir M,Gamundí A,González J,Rial RV

更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00